Role of 18-FDG PET/CT in radiotherapy planning of tumors of the anorectal localization: state of the problem

Summary. 3D-CRT and IMRT are the mainstay techniques for rectal cancer treatment. CT simulation is a cornerstone of these modern techniques, but has limitations, such as poor soft-tissue contrast between pelvic structures and partial volume effects. MRI and PET can overcome these limitations and provide additional information for the planning of rectal cancer treatment. In addition, PET can affect rectal cancer staging, and increase target definition and contouring consensus. However, there is long way to go before these imaging modalities are routinely used in clinical settings.