Neutrophils and oncogenesis
Summary. The review presents data on the role of peripheral blood and tumors neutrophils in antitumor and tumor-stimulating processes that are observed in the development of many cancers. The characteristics of the two main phenotypes of H1 and H2 cells are described, their functions and mechanisms of the transition from H1 cells with antitumor activity to H2 cells, stimulating the proliferation of tumor cells, angiogenesis and metastasis are discussed. The data on the functionally important cytokines and chemokines released by tumor cells, microenvironment, lymphocytes and neutrophils themselves, which stimulate the production of neutrophils by the bone marrow and promote the accumulation of these cells in the tumor and the development of neutrophilia in the blood are presented. The main functional molecules of neutrophils such as neutrophil elastase, cathepsin, matrix metalloproteinase-9, arginase 1, etc. with which the protumorogenic properties of H2 neutrophils are associated are noted. It is pointed out that many processes caused by both H1 and H2 neutrophils have not yet been studied and briefly notes the existence of today many approaches for the generation and activation of neutrophils with antitumor properties and suppression of tumor-stimulating neutrophils
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